2023-11 고3 수능 영어

2024학년도 대학수학능력시험 영어
시행 : 2023.11.16(목)
대상 : 고등학교 3학년
출제 : 교육과정평가원

2023-11 고3 수능 3영어[문제].pdf

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2023-11 고3 수능 3영어[듣기].mp3

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2023-11 고3 수능 3영어[듣기대본].pdf

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2023-11 고3 수능 3영어[정답].pdf

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2023-11 고3 수능 3영어[해설].pdf

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삽화, 사진, 표는 누락되어 있습니다. 원본 파일을 참고하시기 바랍니다.

1번부터 17번까지는 듣고 답하는 문제입니다. 1번부터 15번까지는 한 번만 들려주고, 16번부터 17번까지는 두 번 들려줍니다. 방송을 잘 듣고 답을 하시기 바랍니다.

1. 다음을 듣고, 여자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① 축구 경기장 사용 수칙을 설명하려고
② 지역 아동 병원의 개원을 홍보하려고
③ 자선 축구 경기의 변경된 일정을 공지하려고
④ 축구 경기 티켓의 구매 사이트를 소개하려고
⑤ 자선 축구 경기 자원봉사자 모집을 안내하려고

2. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① 상대방이 말할 때는 말을 끊지 말아야 한다.
② 회의 발언은 주제에서 벗어나지 않아야 한다.
③ 적절한 제스처는 대화의 전달력을 높일 수 있다.
④ 회의를 진행할 때는 개인적인 감정을 배제해야 한다.
⑤ 자신의 의견을 주장할 때는 충분한 근거를 들어야 한다.

3. 다음을 듣고, 여자가 하는 말의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① 일정한 실내 온도 유지는 건강에 중요한 역할을 한다.
② 충분한 햇빛 노출은 수면 호르몬 분비를 촉진한다.
③ 정서 안정을 위해서는 양질의 수면이 필요하다.
④ 수면 안대를 착용하면 잠드는 데 도움이 될 수 있다.
⑤ 적당한 밝기의 조명은 일의 능률을 향상시킬 수 있다.

4. 대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

5. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① 신입 회원 선물 준비하기
② 대회 일정 인쇄하기
③ 음악 재생 목록 만들기
④ 식당 예약하기
⑤ 문자 메시지 보내기

6. 대화를 듣고, 남자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. [3점]

① $\$63$
② $\$70$
③ $\$72$
④ $\$78$
⑤ $\$80$

7. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 산책을 할 수 없는 이유를 고르시오.

① 얇은 재킷을 입어서
② 회의 준비를 해야 해서
③ 알레르기 증상이 심해서
④ 경찰서에 방문해야 해서
⑤ 병원 진료를 받아야 해서

8. 대화를 듣고, 남자가 예약할 연극 공연에 관해 언급되지 않은 것을 고르시오.

① 제목
② 날짜
③ 출연자
④ 입장료
⑤ 시작 시각

9. Golden Palette Walking Tour에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

① 11월에 매일 진행된다.
② 안내 책자가 무료로 제공된다.
③ 오전 10시 30분에 시작한다.
④ 출발 지점은 Central Studio의 남쪽 문이다.
⑤ 참가자 전원은 선물을 받을 것이다.

10. 다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 남자가 주문할 접이식 카트를 고르시오.

Foldable Carts
	Model	Price	Weight Limit	Color	Handle Material
①	A	$\$38$	30kg	Black	Silicone
②	B	$\$42$	40kg	Green	Silicone
③	C	$\$44$	45kg	Blue	Metal
④	D	$\$48$	50kg	White	Metal
⑤	E	$\$53$	45kg	Red	Rubber

11. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① Right. We should’ve watched them.
② Why not? Just put the mat on the shelf.
③ Great. We can store some snacks at home.
④ I’m sorry. I can’t find the parking lot.
⑤ No problem. I’ll take care of it.

12. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① That’s too bad. I was looking forward to seeing you there.
② Thank you. I’m so glad you could make it to the party.
③ That’s okay. The birthday party has already finished.
④ Sure. I’ll arrange the business trip for you and your team.
⑤ Don’t worry. My boss will return from the trip this Monday.

13. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]

Man :                                

① Don’t give up! You’ve inspired me to be a painter.
② Cheer up! The fashion market is open to everybody.
③ You have a point. I don’t have any fashion sense at all.
④ I agree. You should make a balance between work and life.
⑤ Be positive. You can start pursuing your dream at any time.

14. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Woman :                                

① No worries. I can go pick it up now.
② All right. Just be sure to return it tomorrow.
③ That’s okay. We can fix the system next week.
④ Sorry to hear that. You can buy it next time.
⑤ Never mind. I’ll bring a new copy for you.

15. 다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Jake가 Yuna에게 할 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]

Jake :                                

① Could you please take my picture again with the rock in it?
② I’d appreciate it if you could come to the mountain with me.
③ You shouldn’t take any photos while climbing the rock.
④ I’m wondering if you can pose in front of the rock.
⑤ Why don’t you take a selfie in the national park?

[16~17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오.

16. 여자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

① various natural materials as a source of building supplies
② how upcycling is used in architecture across the globe
③ strategic use of upcycled plastics in different countries
④ impact of architectural waste on the global environment
⑤ why nations should employ eco-friendly shipping methods

17. 언급된 나라가 아닌 것은?

① Singapore
② Mexico
③ Australia
④ Indonesia
⑤ France

이제 듣기 문제가 끝났습니다. 18번부터는 문제지의 지시에 따라 답을 하시기 바랍니다.

18. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

I’m Charlie Reeves, manager of Toon Skills Company. If you’re interested in new webtoon-making skills and techniques, this post is for you. This year, we’ve launched special online courses, which contain a variety of contents about webtoon production. Each course consists of ten units that help improve your drawing and story-telling skills. Moreover, these courses are designed to suit any level, from beginner to advanced. It costs $45 for one course, and you can watch your course as many times as you want for six months. Our courses with talented and experienced instructors will open up a new world of creativity for you. It’s time to start creating your webtoon world at https : //webtoonskills.com.

① 웹툰 제작 온라인 강좌를 홍보하려고
② 웹툰 작가 채용 정보를 제공하려고
③ 신작 웹툰 공개 일정을 공지하려고
④ 웹툰 창작 대회에 출품을 권유하려고
⑤ 기초적인 웹툰 제작 방법을 설명하려고

19. 다음 글에 드러난 David의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?

David was starting a new job in Vancouver, and he was waiting for his bus. He kept looking back and forth between his watch and the direction the bus would come from. He thought, “My bus isn’t here yet. I can’t be late on my first day.” David couldn’t feel at ease. When he looked up again, he saw a different bus coming that was going right to his work. The bus stopped in front of him and opened its door. He got on the bus thinking, “Phew! Luckily, this bus came just in time so I won’t be late.” He leaned back on an unoccupied seat in the bus and took a deep breath, finally able to relax.

① nervous → relieved
② lonely → hopeful
③ pleased → confused
④ indifferent → delighted
⑤ bored → thrilled

20. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Values alone do not create and build culture. Living your values only some of the time does not contribute to the creation and maintenance of culture. Changing values into behaviors is only half the battle. Certainly, this is a step in the right direction, but those behaviors must then be shared and distributed widely throughout the organization, along with a clear and concise description of what is expected. It is not enough to simply talk about it. It is critical to have a visual representation of the specific behaviors that leaders and all people managers can use to coach their people. Just like a sports team has a playbook with specific plays designed to help them perform well and win, your company should have a playbook with the key shifts needed to transform your culture into action and turn your values into winning behaviors.

① 조직 문화 혁신을 위해서 모든구성원이 공유할 핵심 가치를 정립해야 한다.
② 조직 구성원의 행동을 변화시키려면 지도자는 명확한 가치관을 가져야 한다.
③ 조직 내 문화가 공유되기 위해서 구성원의 자발적 행동이 뒷받침되어야 한다.
④ 조직의 핵심 가치 실현을 위해 구성원 간의 지속적인 의사소통이 필수적이다.
⑤ 조직의 문화 형성에는 가치를 반영한 행동의 공유를 위한 명시적 지침이 필요하다.

21. 밑줄 친 a nonstick frying pan이 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

How you focus your attention plays a critical role in how you deal with stress. Scattered attention harms your ability to let go of stress, because even though your attention is scattered, it is narrowly focused, for you are able to fixate only on the stressful parts of your experience. When your attentional spotlight is widened, you can more easily let go of stress. You can put in perspective many more aspects of any situation and not get locked into one part that ties you down to superficial and anxiety-provoking levels of attention. A narrow focus heightens the stress level of each experience, but a widened focus turns down the stress level because you’re better able to put each situation into a broader perspective. One anxiety-provoking detail is less important than the bigger picture. It’s like transforming yourself into a nonstick frying pan. You can still fry an egg, but the egg won’t stick to the pan.
* provoke : 유발시키다

① never being confronted with any stressful experiences in daily life
② broadening one’s perspective to identify the cause of stress
③ rarely confining one’s attention to positive aspects of an experience
④ having a larger view of an experience beyond its stressful aspects
⑤ taking stress into account as the source of developing a wide view

22. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

Being able to prioritize your responses allows you to connect more deeply with individual customers, be it a one-off interaction around a particularly delightful or upsetting experience, or the development of a longer-term relationship with a significantly influential individual within your customer base. If you’ve ever posted a favorable comment ― or any comment, for that matter ― about a brand, product or service, think about what it would feel like if you were personally acknowledged by the brand manager, for example, as a result. In general, people post because they have something to say ― and because they want to be recognized for having said it. In particular, when people post positive comments they are expressions of appreciation for the experience that led to the post. While a compliment to the person standing next to you is typically answered with a response like “Thank You,” the sad fact is that most brand compliments go unanswered. These are lost opportunities to understand what drove the compliments and create a solid fan based on them.
* compliment : 칭찬

① 고객과의 관계 증진을 위해 고객의 브랜드 칭찬에 응답하는 것은 중요하다.
② 고객의 피드백을 면밀히 분석함으로써 브랜드의 성공 가능성을 높일 수 있다.
③ 신속한 고객 응대를 통해서 고객의 긍정적인 반응을 이끌어 낼 수 있다.
④ 브랜드 매니저에게는 고객의 부정적인 의견을 수용하는 태도가 요구된다.
⑤ 고객의 의견을 경청하는것은 브랜드의 새로운 이미지 창출에 도움이 된다.

23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Managers of natural resources typically face market incentives that provide financial rewards for exploitation. For example, owners of forest lands have a market incentive to cut down trees rather than manage the forest for carbon capture, wildlife habitat, flood protection, and other ecosystem services. These services provide the owner with no financial benefits, and thus are unlikely to influence management decisions. But the economic benefits provided by these services, based on their non-market values, may exceed the economic value of the timber. For example, a United Nations initiative has estimated that the economic benefits of ecosystem services provided by tropical forests, including climate regulation, water purification, and erosion prevention, are over three times greater per hectare than the market benefits. Thus cutting down the trees is economically inefficient, and markets are not sending the correct “signal” to favor ecosystem services over extractive uses.
* exploitation : 이용
** timber : 목재

① necessity of calculating the market values of ecosystem services
② significance of weighing forest resources’ non-market values
③ impact of using forest resources to maximize financial benefits
④ merits of balancing forests’ market and non-market values
⑤ ways of increasing the efficiency of managing natural resources

24. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

The concept of overtourism rests on a particular assumption about people and places common in tourism studies and the social sciences in general. Both are seen as clearly defined and demarcated. People are framed as bounded social actors either playing the role of hosts or guests. Places, in a similar way, are treated as stable containers with clear boundaries. Hence, places can be full of tourists and thus suffer from overtourism. But what does it mean for a place to be full of people? Indeed, there are examples of particular attractions that have limited capacity and where there is actually no room for more visitors. This is not least the case with some man-made constructions such as the Eiffel Tower. However, with places such as cities, regions or even whole countries being promoted as destinations and described as victims of overtourism, things become more complex. What is excessive or out of proportion is highly relative and might be more related to other aspects than physical capacity, such as natural degradation and economic leakages (not to mention politics and local power dynamics).
* demarcate : 경계를 정하다

① The Solutions to Overtourism : From Complex to Simple
② What Makes Popular Destinations Attractive to Visitors?
③ Are Tourist Attractions Winners or Losers of Overtourism?
④ The Severity of Overtourism : Much Worse than Imagined
⑤ Overtourism : Not Simply a Matter of People and Places

25. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The above graph shows the percentages of the respondents in five countries who sometimes or often actively avoided news in 2017, 2019, and 2022. ① For each of the three years, Ireland showed the highest percentage of the respondents who sometimes or often actively avoided news, among the countries in the graph. ② In Germany, the percentage of the respondents who sometimes or often actively avoided news was less than 30% in each of the three years. ③ In Denmark, the percentage of the respondents who sometimes or often actively avoided news in 2019 was higher than that in 2017 but lower than that in 2022. ④ In Finland, the percentage of the respondents who sometimes or often actively avoided news in 2019 was lower than that in 2017, which was also true for Japan. ⑤ In Japan, the percentage of the respondents who sometimes or often actively avoided news did not exceed 15% in each of the three years.

26. Charles H. Townes에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Charles H. Townes, one of the most influential American physicists, was born in South Carolina. In his childhood, he grew up on a farm, studying the stars in the sky. He earned his doctoral degree from the California Institute of Technology in 1939, and then he took a job at Bell Labs in New York City. After World War II, he became an associate professor of physics at Columbia University. In 1958, Townes and his co-researcher proposed the concept of the laser. Laser technology won quick acceptance in industry and research. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964. He was also involved in Project Apollo, the moon landing project. His contribution is priceless because the Internet and all digital media would be unimaginable without the laser.

① 어린 시절에 농장에서 성장하였다.
② 박사 학위를 받기 전에 Bell Labs에서 일했다.
③ 1958년에 레이저의 개념을 제안하였다.
④ 1964년에 노벨 물리학상을 수상하였다.
⑤ 달 착륙 프로젝트에 관여하였다.

27. Turtle Island Boat Tour에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Turtle Island Boat Tour
The fantastic Turtle Island Boat Tour invites you to the beautiful sea world.

Dates : From June 1 to August 31, 2024

Tour Times

Weekdays	1 p.m.—5 p.m.
Weekends	9 a.m.—1 p.m.
	1 p.m.—5 p.m.

※ Each tour lasts four hours.

Tickets & Booking
ㆍ $\$50$ per person for each tour (Only those aged 17 and over can participate.)
ㆍ Bookings must be completed no later than 2 days before the day of the tour.
ㆍ No refunds after the departure time
ㆍ Each tour group size is limited to 10 participants.
Activities
ㆍ Snorkeling with a professional diver
ㆍ Feeding tropical fish

※ Feel free to explore our website, www.snorkelingti.com.

① 주말에는 하루에 두 번 운영된다.
② 17세 이상만 참가할 수 있다.
③ 당일 예약이 가능하다.
④ 출발 시간 이후에는 환불이 불가능하다.
⑤ 전문 다이버와 함께 하는 스노클링 활동이 있다.

28. 2023 Eastland High School Video Clip Contest에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

2023 Eastland High School Video Clip Contest
Shoot and share your most memorable moments with your teachers and friends!

Guidelines
ㆍ Theme : “Joyful Moments” in Our Growing Community
ㆍ Submissions will be accepted from December 1 to December 14.
ㆍ Submissions should be uploaded to our school website.
- Video length cannot exceed three minutes.
- Entries are limited to one per student.

Prizes
ㆍ 1st place : $100 gift card, 2nd place : $50 gift card
ㆍ Winning videos will be posted to our school’s app.
ㆍ The prize winners will be chosen by the school art teachers.
※ For more information, visit the school website.

① 출품작의 주제가 정해져 있지 않다.
② 한 달 동안 동영상을 접수할 예정이다.
③ 출품할 동영상의 길이는 3분을 초과할 수 없다.
④ 출품작은 학생 1인당 두 개로 제한된다.
⑤ 학생회가 수상자를 선정할 것이다.

29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

A number of studies provide substantial evidence of an innate human disposition to respond differentially to social stimuli. From birth, infants will orient preferentially towards the human face and voice, ① seeming to know that such stimuli are particularly meaningful for them. Moreover, they register this connection actively, imitating a variety of facial gestures that are presented to them ― tongue protrusions, lip tightenings, mouth openings. They will even try to match gestures ② which they have some difficulty, experimenting with their own faces until they succeed. When they ③ do succeed, they show pleasure by a brightening of their eyes; when they fail, they show distress. In other words, they not only have an innate capacity for matching their own kinaesthetically experienced bodily movements with ④ those of others that are visually perceived; they have an innate drive to do so. That is, they seem to have an innate drive to imitate others whom they judge ⑤ to be ‘like me’.
* innate : 타고난
** disposition : 성향
*** kinaesthetically : 운동감각적으로

30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? [3점]

Bazaar economies feature an apparently flexible price-setting mechanism that sits atop more enduring ties of shared culture. Both the buyer and seller are aware of each other’s ① restrictions. In Delhi’s bazaars, buyers and sellers can ② assess to a large extent the financial constraints that other actors have in their everyday life. Each actor belonging to a specific economic class understands what the other sees as a necessity and a luxury. In the case of electronic products like video games, they are not a ③ necessity at the same level as other household purchases such as food items. So, the seller in Delhi’s bazaars is careful not to directly ask for very ④ low prices for video games because at no point will the buyer see possession of them as an absolute necessity. Access to this type of knowledge establishes a price consensus by relating to each other’s preferences and limitations of belonging to a ⑤ similar cultural and economic universe.
* constraint : 압박
** consensus : 일치

[31~34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

31. Over the last decade the attention given to how children learn to read has foregrounded the nature of textuality, and of the different, interrelated ways in which readers of all ages make texts mean. ‘Reading’ now applies to a greater number of representational forms than at any time in the past : pictures, maps, screens, design graphics and photographs are all regarded as text. In addition to the innovations made possible in picture books by new printing processes, design features also predominate in other kinds, such as books of poetry and information texts. Thus, reading becomes a more complicated kind of interpretation than it was when children’s attention was focused on the printed text, with sketches or pictures as an adjunct. Children now learn from a picture book that words and illustrations complement and enhance each other. Reading is not simply                                . Even in the easiest texts, what a sentence ‘says’ is often not what it means.
* adjunct : 부속물

① knowledge acquisition
② word recognition
③ imaginative play
④ subjective interpretation
⑤ image mapping

32. A musical score within any film can add an additional layer to the film text, which goes beyond simply imitating the action viewed. In films that tell of futuristic worlds, composers, much like sound designers, have added freedom to create a world that is unknown and new to the viewer. However, unlike sound designers, composers often shy away from creating unique pieces that reflect these new worlds and often present musical scores that possess familiar structures and cadences. While it is possible that this may interfere with creativity and a sense of space and time, it in fact                                . Through recognizable scores, visions of the future or a galaxy far, far away can be placed within a recognizable context. Such familiarity allows the viewer to be placed in a comfortable space so that the film may then lead the viewer to what is an unfamiliar, but acceptable vision of a world different from their own.
* score : 악보
** cadence : (율동적인) 박자

① frees the plot of its familiarity
② aids in viewer access to the film
③ adds to an exotic musical experience
④ orients audiences to the film’s theme
⑤ inspires viewers to think more deeply

33. There have been psychological studies in which subjects were shown photographs of people’s faces and asked to identify the expression or state of mind evinced. The results are invariably very mixed. In the 17th century the French painter and theorist Charles Le Brun drew a series of faces illustrating the various emotions that painters could be called upon to represent. What is striking about them is that                                . What is missing in all this is any setting or context to make the emotion determinate. We must know who this person is, who these other people are, what their relationship is, what is at stake in the scene, and the like. In real life as well as in painting we do not come across just faces; we encounter people in particular situations and our understanding of people cannot somehow be precipitated and held isolated from the social and human circumstances in which they, and we, live and breathe and have our being. [3점]
* evince : (감정 따위를) 분명히 나타내다
** precipitate : 촉발하다

① all of them could be matched consistently with their intended emotions
② every one of them was illustrated with photographic precision
③ each of them definitively displayed its own social narrative
④ most of them would be seen as representing unique characteristics
⑤ any number of them could be substituted for one another without loss

34. Everyone who drives, walks, or swipes a transit card in a city views herself as a transportation expert from the moment she walks out the front door. And how she views the street                                . That’s why we find so many well-intentioned and civic-minded citizens arguing past one another. At neighborhood meetings in school auditoriums, and in back rooms at libraries and churches, local residents across the nation gather for often-contentious discussions about transportation proposals that would change a city’s streets. And like all politics, all transportation is local and intensely personal. A transit project that could speed travel for tens of thousands of people can be stopped by objections to the loss of a few parking spaces or by the simple fear that the project won’t work. It’s not a challenge of the data or the traffic engineering or the planning. Public debates about streets are typically rooted in emotional assumptions about how a change will affect a person’s commute, ability to park, belief about what is safe and what isn’t, or the bottom line of a local business. [3점]
* swipe : 판독기에 통과시키다
** contentious : 논쟁적인
*** commute : 통근

① relies heavily on how others see her city’s streets
② updates itself with each new public transit policy
③ arises independently of the streets she travels on
④ tracks pretty closely with how she gets around
⑤ ties firmly in with how her city operates

35. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Speaking fast is a high-risk proposition. It’s nearly impossible to maintain the ideal conditions to be persuasive, well-spoken, and effective when the mouth is traveling well over the speed limit. ① Although we’d like to think that our minds are sharp enough to always make good decisions with the greatest efficiency, they just aren’t. ② In reality, the brain arrives at an intersection of four or five possible things to say and sits idling for a couple of seconds, considering the options. ③ Making a good decision helps you speak faster because it provides you with more time to come up with your responses. ④ When the brain stops sending navigational instructions back to the mouth and the mouth is moving too fast to pause, that’s when you get a verbal fender bender, otherwise known as filler. ⑤ Um, ah, you know, and like are what your mouth does when it has nowhere to go.

[36~37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

36.

Negotiation can be defined as an attempt to explore and reconcile conflicting positions in order to reach an acceptable outcome.

(A) Areas of difference can and do frequently remain, and will perhaps be the subject of future negotiations, or indeed remain irreconcilable. In those instances in which the parties have highly antagonistic or polarised relations, the process is likely to be dominated by the exposition, very often in public, of the areas of conflict.
(B) In these and sometimes other forms of negotiation, negotiation serves functions other than reconciling conflicting interests. These will include delay, publicity, diverting attention or seeking intelligence about the other party and its negotiating position.
(C) Whatever the nature of the outcome, which may actually favour one party more than another, the purpose of negotiation is the identification of areas of common interest and conflict. In this sense, depending on the intentions of the parties, the areas of common interest may be clarified, refined and given negotiated form and substance.
* reconcile : 화해시키다
** antagonistic : 적대적인
*** exposition : 설명

① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

37.

Norms emerge in groups as a result of people conforming to the behavior of others. Thus, the start of a norm occurs when one person acts in a particular manner in a particular situation because she thinks she ought to.

(A) Thus, she may prescribe the behavior to them by uttering the norm statement in a prescriptive manner. Alternately, she may communicate that conformity is desired in other ways, such as by gesturing. In addition, she may threaten to sanction them for not behaving as she wishes. This will cause some to conform to her wishes and act as she acts.
(B) But some others will not need to have the behavior prescribed to them. They will observe the regularity of behavior and decide on their own that they ought to conform. They may do so for either rational or moral reasons.
(C) Others may then conform to this behavior for a number of reasons. The person who performed the initial action may think that others ought to behave as she behaves in situations of this sort. [3점]
* sanction : 제재를 가하다

① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

[38~39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

38.

Yes, some contests are seen as world class, such as identification of the Higgs particle or the development of high temperature superconductors.

Science is sometimes described as a winner-take-all contest, meaning that there are no rewards for being second or third. This is an extreme view of the nature of scientific contests. ( ① ) Even those who describe scientific contests in such a way note that it is a somewhat inaccurate description, given that replication and verification have social value and are common in science. ( ② ) It is also inaccurate to the extent that it suggests that only a handful of contests exist. ( ③ ) But many other contests have multiple parts, and the number of such contests may be increasing. ( ④ ) By way of example, for many years it was thought that there would be “one” cure for cancer, but it is now realized that cancer takes multiple forms and that multiple approaches are needed to provide a cure. ( ⑤ ) There won’t be one winner ― there will be many.
* replication : 반복
** verification : 입증

39.

At the next step in the argument, however, the analogy breaks down.

Misprints in a book or in any written message usually have a negative impact on the content, sometimes (literally) fatally. ( ① ) The displacement of a comma, for instance, may be a matter of life and death. ( ② ) Similarly most mutations have harmful consequences for the organism in which they occur, meaning that they reduce its reproductive fitness. ( ③ ) Occasionally, however, a mutation may occur that increases the fitness of the organism, just as an accidental failure to reproduce the text of the first edition might provide more accurate or updated information. ( ④ ) A favorable mutation is going to be more heavily represented in the next generation, since the organism in which it occurred will have more offspring and mutations are transmitted to the offspring. ( ⑤ ) By contrast, there is no mechanism by which a book that accidentally corrects the mistakes of the first edition will tend to sell better. [3점]
* analogy : 유사
** mutation : 돌연변이

40. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Even those with average talent can produce notable work in the various sciences, so long as they do not try to embrace all of them at once. Instead, they should concentrate attention on one subject after another (that is, in different periods of time), although later work will weaken earlier attainments in the other spheres. This amounts to saying that the brain adapts to universal science in time but not in space. In fact, even those with great abilities proceed in this way. Thus, when we are astonished by someone with publications in different scientific fields, realize that each topic was explored during a specific period of time. Knowledge gained earlier certainly will not have disappeared from the mind of the author, but it will have become simplified by condensing into formulas or greatly abbreviated symbols. Thus, sufficient space remains for the perception and learning of new images on the cerebral blackboard.
* condense : 응축하다
** cerebral : 대뇌의

↓

Exploring one scientific subject after another         (A)         remarkable work across the sciences, as the previously gained knowledge is retained in simplified forms within the brain, which         (B)         room for new learning.

① (A) : enables / (B) : leaves
② (A) : challenges / (B) : spares
③ (A) : delays / (B) : creates
④ (A) : requires / (B) : removes
⑤ (A) : invites / (B) : diminishes

[41~42] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

One way to avoid contributing to overhyping a story would be to say nothing. However, that is not a realistic option for scientists who feel a strong sense of responsibility to inform the public and policymakers and/or to offer suggestions. Speaking with members of the media has (a) advantages in getting a message out and perhaps receiving favorable recognition, but it runs the risk of misinterpretations, the need for repeated clarifications, and entanglement in never-ending controversy. Hence, the decision of whether to speak with the media tends to be highly individualized. Decades ago, it was (b) unusual for Earth scientists to have results that were of interest to the media, and consequently few media contacts were expected or encouraged. In the 1970s, the few scientists who spoke frequently with the media were often (c) criticized by their fellow scientists for having done so. The situation now is quite different, as many scientists feel a responsibility to speak out because of the importance of global warming and related issues, and many reporters share these feelings. In addition, many scientists are finding that they (d) enjoy the media attention and the public recognition that comes with it. At the same time, other scientists continue to resist speaking with reporters, thereby preserving more time for their science and (e) running the risk of being misquoted and the other unpleasantries associated with media coverage.
* overhype : 과대광고하다
** entanglement : 얽힘

41. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① The Troubling Relationship Between Scientists and the Media
② A Scientist’s Choice : To Be Exposed to the Media or Not?
③ Scientists! Be Cautious When Talking to the Media
④ The Dilemma over Scientific Truth and Media Attention
⑤ Who Are Responsible for Climate Issues, Scientists or the Media?

42. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

① (a)
② (b)
③ (c)
④ (d)
⑤ (e)

[43~45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A)

Emma and Clara stood side by side on the beach road, with their eyes fixed on the boundless ocean. The breathtaking scene that surrounded them was beyond description. Just after sunrise, they finished their preparations for the bicycle ride along the beach road. Emma turned to Clara with a question, “Do you think this will be your favorite ride ever?” Clara’s face lit up with a bright smile as she nodded. “Definitely! (a) I can’t wait to ride while watching those beautiful waves!”

(B)

When they reached their destination, Emma and Clara stopped their bikes. Emma approached Clara, saying “Bicycle riding is unlike swimming, isn’t it?” Clara answered with a smile, “Quite similar, actually. Just like swimming, riding makes me feel truly alive.” She added, “It shows (b) me what it means to live while facing life’s tough challenges.” Emma nodded in agreement and suggested, “Your first beach bike ride was a great success. How about coming back next summer?” Clara replied with delight, “With (c) you, absolutely!”

(C)

Clara used to be a talented swimmer, but she had to give up her dream of becoming an Olympic medalist in swimming because of shoulder injuries. Yet she responded to the hardship in a constructive way. After years of hard training, she made an incredible recovery and found a new passion for bike riding. Emma saw how the painful past made her maturer and how it made (d) her stronger in the end. One hour later, Clara, riding ahead of Emma, turned back and shouted, “Look at the white cliff!”

(D)

Emma and Clara jumped on their bikes and started to pedal toward the white cliff where the beach road ended. Speeding up and enjoying the wide blue sea, Emma couldn’t hide her excitement and exclaimed, “Clara, the view is amazing!” Clara’s silence, however, seemed to say that she was lost in her thoughts. Emma understood the meaning of her silence. Watching Clara riding beside her, Emma thought about Clara’s past tragedy, which (e) she now seemed to have overcome.

43. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B)-(D)-(C)
② (C)-(B)-(D)
③ (C)-(D)-(B)
④ (D)-(B)-(C)
⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)

44. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

① (a)
② (b)
③ (c)
④ (d)
⑤ (e)

45. 윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?

① Emma와 Clara는 자전거 탈 준비를 일출 직후에 마쳤다.
② Clara는 자전거 타기와 수영이 꽤 비슷하다고 말했다.
③ Clara는 올림픽 수영 경기에서 메달을 땄다.
④ Emma와 Clara는 자전거를 타고 하얀 절벽 쪽으로 갔다.
⑤ Emma는 Clara의 침묵의 의미를 이해했다.